FastJSONAPISerializer

Fast JSON-API Serializer is a fast, flexible and simple JSON-API serializer for crystal.

Refer to the full API documentation

Why use it? 😅

• Works with any ORM or plain Crystal objects.
• Offers a very flexible API.
• Did I mention it was fast?

Benchmarks 🚀

Spoiler ~200% faster!

Compared to other JSON-API compliant alternatives. Sure, benchmarks are to be taken with a grain of salt...

See examples/benchmark.cr for the full benchmark setup.

(Kitchen Sink) With various relationships and all API features used -

FastJSONAPISerializer  66.54k ( 15.03µs) (± 2.25%)  22.2kB/op        fastest
    JSONApiSerializer  34.32k ( 29.14µs) (± 2.49%)  33.0kB/op   1.94× slower

Single object with 1 attribute

FastJSONAPISerializer 881.46k (  1.13µs) (± 1.98%)  1.47kB/op        fastest
    JSONApiSerializer 669.06k (  1.49µs) (± 2.65%)  1.44kB/op   1.32× slower

Installation

1. Add the dependency to your shard.yml:

dependencies:
  fast-jsonapi-serializer:
    github: mjeffrey18/fast-jsonapi-serializer

1. Run shards install

Setup

Require the shard in your project.

require "fast-jsonapi-serializer"

Usage

Quick Introduction

Considering a model/resource (ORM or plain crystal class)

class Restaurant
  property name

  def initialize(@name = "big burgers")
  end
end

Create a serializer which inherits from FastJSONAPISerializer::Base(YourResourceClass)

class RestaurantSerializer < FastJSONAPISerializer::Base(Restaurant)
  attribute :name
end

Use the serialize API to to build a JSON-API compatible string

Single Resource

resource = Restaurant.new
RestaurantSerializer.new(resource).serialize

Example above produces this output (made readable for docs):

{
  "data": {
    "id": "1",
    "type": "restaurant",
    "attributes": {
      "name": "big burgers"
    }
  }
}

Resource Collection

resources = [Restaurant.new, Restaurant.new]
RestaurantSerializer.new(resources).serialize

Example above produces this output (made readable for docs):

{
  "data": [
    {
      "id": "1",
      "type": "restaurant",
      "attributes": {
        "name": "big burgers"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "2",
      "type": "restaurant",
      "attributes": {
        "name": "big sandwiches"
      }
    }
  ]
}

Type

By default, the JSON-API type key will be the snake_case name of the resource class i.e. AdminUser -> "admin_user". You can override this behaviour by setting the type(String) macro.

class AdminUserSerializer < FastJSONAPISerializer::Base(AdminUser)
  type "user"
  attribute :name
end

Example above produces this output (made readable for docs):

{
  "data": {
    "id": "1",
    "type": "user",
    "attributes": {
      "name": "Joe"
    }
  }
}

ID

Your resource class should have an id instance method or getter to populate the JSON id field of the resource.

Supported ID's

• Integer
• String
• UUID
• Nil

If the resource does not respond to id the JSON id value will become null - giving a little more flexibility, although not advised or complaint with the JSON-API standard.

IMPORTANT - As per the JSON-API standard, we always convert the id to a string.

Example without and id below;

class Restaurant
  property name

  def initialize(@name = "big burgers")
  end
end

class RestaurantSerializer < FastJSONAPISerializer::Base(Restaurant)
  attribute :name
end

RestaurantSerializer.new(Restaurant.new).serialize

Example above produces this output (made readable for docs):

{
  "data": {
    "id": null,
    "type": "restaurant",
    "attributes": {
      "name": "big burgers"
    }
  }
}

Attributes

The attributes API is very flexible.

Single attribute

class RestaurantSerializer < FastJSONAPISerializer::Base(Restaurant)
  attribute :name
  attribute :street
end

Multiple attributes

class RestaurantSerializer < FastJSONAPISerializer::Base(Restaurant)
  attributes :name, :street
end

Mixed

class RestaurantSerializer < FastJSONAPISerializer::Base(Restaurant)
  attributes :name, :street
  attribute :post_code
end

Serializer methods

You can also list attributes which are on the serializer class;

class RestaurantSerializer < FastJSONAPISerializer::Base(Restaurant)
  attribute :name
  attribute :custom_method_on_serializer

  def custom_method_on_serializer(_object, _options)
    123
  end

  def custom_method_on_serializer_two(object, options)
    if options[:show_full]
      object.full_data
    else
      object.data
    end
  end
end

Control the attribute JSON key name

Let's say you want to have different key name or case, you can pass this as a second argument attribute

class RestaurantSerializer < FastJSONAPISerializer::Base(Restaurant)
  attribute :name, :FullName
end

Example above produces this output (made readable for docs):

{
  "data": {
    "id": "1",
    "type": "restaurant",
    "attributes": {
      "FullName": "big burgers"
    }
  }
}

Conditional control of the attributes

Attribute API

class RestaurantSerializer < FastJSONAPISerializer::Base(Restaurant)
  attribute :name, :FullName, if: :should_show_name

  def should_show_name(object, _options)
    object.has_full_name?
  end
end

RestaurantSerializer.new(Restaurant.new).serialize

OR

Use the serialize(options: ...) API to control the attributes

class RestaurantSerializer < FastJSONAPISerializer::Base(Restaurant)
  attribute :name, :FullName, if: :should_show_name

  def should_show_name(object, options)
    object.has_full_name? && options[:allow_name]
  end
end

RestaurantSerializer.new(Restaurant.new).serialize(
  options: {:allow_name => true}
)

Serialize API

We can have any number of attributes which can be excluded on demand.

Use the serialize(except: ...) API to control the attributes

class RestaurantSerializer < FastJSONAPISerializer::Base(Restaurant)
  attribute :name, :address, :post_code
end

RestaurantSerializer.new(Restaurant.new).serialize(
  except: %i(name postcode)
)

Example above produces this output (made readable for docs):

{
  "data": {
    "id": "1",
    "type": "restaurant",
    "attributes": {
      "address": "somewhere cool"
    }
  }
}

Relations

The following relationships are supported:

• belongs_to
• has_many
• has_one

Given a model which has various associations like follows:

class Restaurant
  property id : String,
    name : String,
    address : Nil | Address = nil,
    post_code : Nil | PostCode = nil,
    rooms : Array(Room) = [] of Room

  def initialize(@id, @name = "big burgers")
  end

  def tables
    [Table.new(1), Table.new(2), Table.new(3)]
  end
end

You can define the serializer relationships

class RestaurantSerializer < FastJSONAPISerializer::Base(Restaurant)
  attribute :name

  belongs_to :address, AddressSerializer

  has_one :post_code, PostCodeSerializer

  has_many :rooms, RoomSerializer
  has_many :tables, TableSerializer, :Tables # here we can override the name (optional)
end

# Or if you prefer a more explicit approach

class RestaurantSerializer < FastJSONAPISerializer::Base(Restaurant)
  attribute :name

  belongs_to :address, serializer: AddressSerializer

  has_one :post_code, serializer: PostCodeSerializer

  has_many :rooms, serializer: RoomSerializer
  has_many :tables, serializer: TableSerializer, key: :Tables
end

Make sure to use the serialize(includes: ...) API to include the relations:

# build all associations
resource = Restaurant.new
resource.address = Address.new
resource.post_code = PostCode.new
room = Room.new(1)
room.tables = [Table.new(1), Table.new(2)]
resource.rooms = [room]

RestaurantSerializer.new(resource).serialize(
  includes: {
    :address   => [:address],
    :post_code => [:post_code],
    :tables    => {:room => [:room]}, # notice nested associations also
  }
)

IMPORTANT - Relationships do nothing unless requested via the serialize(includes: ...) API

Example above produces this output (made readable for docs):

{
  "data": {
    "id": "1",
    "type": "restaurant",
    "attributes": {
      "name": "big burgers"
    },
    "relationships": {
      "address": {
        "data": {
          "id": "101",
          "type": "address"
        }
      },
      "post_code": {
        "data": {
          "id": "101",
          "type": "post_code"
        }
      },
      "Tables": {
        "data": [
          {
            "id": "1",
            "type": "table"
          },
          {
            "id": "2",
            "type": "table"
          },
          {
            "id": "3",
            "type": "table"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  },
  "included": [
    {
      "id": "101",
      "type": "address",
      "attributes": {
        "street": "some street"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "101",
      "type": "post_code",
      "attributes": {
        "code": "code 24"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "1",
      "type": "room",
      "attributes": {
        "name": "1-name"
      },
      "relationships": {}
    },
    {
      "id": "1",
      "type": "table",
      "attributes": {
        "number": 1
      },
      "relationships": {
        "room": {
          "data": {
            "id": "1",
            "type": "room"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "2",
      "type": "room",
      "attributes": {
        "name": "2-name"
      },
      "relationships": {}
    },
    {
      "id": "2",
      "type": "table",
      "attributes": {
        "number": 2
      },
      "relationships": {
        "room": {
          "data": {
            "id": "2",
            "type": "room"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "3",
      "type": "room",
      "attributes": {
        "name": "3-name"
      },
      "relationships": {}
    },
    {
      "id": "3",
      "type": "table",
      "attributes": {
        "number": 3
      },
      "relationships": {
        "room": {
          "data": {
            "id": "3",
            "type": "room"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

Meta

You can add meta details to the JSON response payload.

Serialize API

Use the serialize(meta: ...) API to control the meta attributes

RestaurantSerializer.new(Restaurant.new).serialize(
  meta: {:page => 0, :limit => 50}
)

Example above produces this output (made readable for docs):

{
  "data": {
    "id": "1",
    "type": "restaurant",
    "attributes": {
      "name": "big burgers"
    }
  },
  "meta": {
    "page": 0,
    "limit": 50
  }
}

.meta class method

You can define default meta attributes as a class method on the serializer.

Using the serialize(meta: ...) API you can merge or override the default meta attributes

class RestaurantSerializer < FastJSONAPISerializer::Base(Restaurant)
  def self.meta(options)
    {
      :status => "ok"
    } of Symbol => FastJSONAPISerializer::MetaAny
  end
end

RestaurantSerializer.new(Restaurant.new).serialize(
  meta: {:page => 0, :limit => 50}
)

Note - FastJSONAPISerializer::MetaAny -> (JSON::Any::Type | Int32)

Example above produces this output (made readable for docs):

{
  "data": {
    "id": "1",
    "type": "restaurant",
    "attributes": {
      "name": "big burgers"
    }
  },
  "meta": {
    "status": "ok",
    "page": 0,
    "limit": 50
  }
}

Serialize API

We covered all the options in the previous examples but this shows all available options.

• except - array of fields which should be excluded
• includes - definition of relation that should be included
• options - options that will be passed to methods defined for if attribute options and .meta(options)
• meta - meta attributes to be added under "meta" key at root level, merged into default .meta

Kitchen sink example:

RestaurantSerializer.new(resource).serialize(
  except: %i(name),
  includes: {
    :address   => [:address],
    :post_code => [:post_code],
    :tables    => {:room => [:room]},
  },
  meta: {:page => 0, :limit => 50},
  options: {:show_rating => true}
)

Inheritance

You can DRY your serializers with inheritance - just add required attributes and/or associations in the subclasses.

class UserSerializer < Serializer::Base(User)
  attributes :name, :age
end

class FullUserSerializer < UserSerializer
  attributes :email, :created_at

  has_many :identities, IdentitySerializer
end

TODO

• Allow Proc based conditional attributes
• Allow Proc based conditional relationships
• Allow global key case-change option
• Allow links meta data
• Add safety checks for inputs and bad data

Contributing

1. Fork it (<https://github.com/mjeffrey18/fast-jsonapi-serializer/fork>)
2. Create your feature branch (git checkout -b my-new-feature)
3. Commit your changes (git commit -am 'Add some feature')
4. Push to the branch (git push origin my-new-feature)
5. Create a new Pull Request

Acknowledgements

This project was based on concepts gather from another amazing open source shard - serializer

Thank you so much for the inspiration!

--

I did use this shard as a bench comparison, but with good intentions. Big shout out to jsonapi-serializer-cr

This project is awesome and has helped me build projects, great work!

Contributors

• Marc Jeffrey - creator and maintainer